Analysis Of Aristotle s The Leviathan Essay - 1586 Words

One of the first political theorists, Aristotle once wrote in his novel Politics, â€Å"Man is by nature a social animal; an individual who is unsocial naturally and not accidentally is either beneath our notice or more than human. Society is something that precedes the individual. Anyone who either cannot lead the common life or is so self-sufficient as not to need to, and therefore does not partake of society, is either a beast or a god. † (Aristotle 4) Dating back to Ancient Greece, the state of nature has been observed and disputed for centuries. It wasn’t until the 1600s, was Aristotle’s theory ever seriously debated. Thomas Hobbes developed his own theory on what is the state of nature in his novel The Leviathan. This writing sparked interest in philosophers as to what human nature truly is, not just what Aristotle had suggested. Just thirty-eight years later, John Locke anonymously published his writings Two Treatises of Government, suggesting a diffe ring outlook on the state of nature to Hobbes. Through a summarization of each philosopher’s depiction of the state of nature and explanations of the strengths and weaknesses of each theory, one will be able to find which argument is the most compelling. Thomas Hobbes was born in Malmesbury, UK in year 1588. Having been born into wealth, Hobbes was formally educated, his studies included Malmesbury school and Hertford College, Oxford. Up until Hobbes time, political theory had very little change since Aristotle.Show MoreRelatedThe Political Of Political Science Essay2347 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: According to Aristotleâ€Å"Man is by nature a political animal and he only by nature and by mere accident is without state is either above humanity or below it† Political science is ultimately related with the word politics which is derived from the Greek word â€Å"Polis†.The origin of political thought in the west and therefore goes back to the Greece.Political science is the study of the state and the government.And political philosophy is considersd to be a sub discipline of political scienceRead MoreWhat Have Theorists Meant by Liberty? Essay example1589 Words   |  7 Pagesexpress oneself in the manner of ones own choosing. In this essay I am going to look at the theorists such as Locke, Mill, Hobbes, Machiavelli, Rousseau and Milton to identify what they meant by liberty. The ancient Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle thought liberty was an ideal that could not fully exist in its pure form in the human world. Liberty has a different meaning in the modern world than it did in the ancient. Benjamin Constant in 1819 in a speech on `The Liberty of the Ancients ComparedRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pages there is â€Å"a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance.† Enlightening comments on the relationship of humor to wisdom were once made by Reinhold Niebuhr (1892-1971), perhaps the twentieth-century’s most influential U. S. theologian (and a favorite thinker of President Obama). Although Niebuhr generally agreed that humor stresses the incongruous, he also, like Chesterton and Solomon, linked it with humility. Humor is a proof of the capacity of the self to gain a vantage

Augustus s Influence On The Roman Empire - 1260 Words

Augustus is known to be the first Roman emperor, and the founder of Rome, known for politically transforming the Roman republic to the early Roman Empire. During his rule his influence on artwork and architecture illustrated a classical style, and often they was a reflection of the â€Å"public image† of his rule, as well as his â€Å"new agenda†. (115) Augustus was quickly seen as a restorer of Rome. Augustus commissioned many large scale building projects such as the Campus Martius, as well as elaborate pieces of portraiture that illustrate his power and the peace of the new Rome under his rule. Augustus acknowledged his power and wealth but at the same time never formally declared himself emperor in order to maintain his citizenship. Although he was keen on denying title of emperor, he emphasized that he was a descendant of the great Julius Caesar considering himself his adopted son and his predecessor, in which he reinforces in some of the temples he commissioned. Overall Augustus was seen as a man of change and power, the one who brought prosperity to Rome when it became shaken by the assassination of Julius Caesar. The age of Augustus brought forth a classical style, influenced by Greeks, and the usage of marble and concrete to create complex buildings and sculptures. This was important because as a result of Augustus’ reign Rome obtained a very classical style, in which would later be reintroduced in order to mimic his greatness by other Emperors. Augustus’ artistic programShow MoreRelatedthe roman empire is the greatest civilization of all time1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roman Empire was the period of time after the Roman Republic and before the Byzantine Empire from 29 B.C. to A.D. 476. It was the highest point of Roman civilization, greater than any prior empires and towers over even the empires after it; it triumphed over the world . The Roman Republic was what built up the foundation for the Roman Empire. During the Republic, a small group of people started from scratch and developed their own systems, which later develops into the Roman Empire. The strongRead MoreRome s Transformation From Republic1584 Words   |  7 PagesAs the first Roman emperor (though he never claimed the title), Augustus led Rome’s transformation from republic to empire during the chaotic years following the assassination of his great-uncle and adoptive father Julius Caesar. Augustus became one of Rome’s greatest leaders and he established the principate, the form of government under which Rome ruled its empire for many years. HISTORICAL CONTEXT Caesar Augustus, was born Gaius Julius Octavius in Rome, Italy and was alive from 63 BC - AD 14Read MoreThe Differences Between Charlemagne And Augustus1088 Words   |  5 Pages Charlemagne and Augustus were separated by many centuries (seven), in that time many changes occurred in both culture and lifestyles. Charlemagne and Augustus had a few similarities but many more differences. Examples of the similarities would be they both ruled large empires with close to the same amount of territory governed. To rule these large empires they both had to fight off rival kingdoms/empires/tribes. They were also similar in they inherited their respective territories. However, theirRead MoreComparing Cyrus The Great Of The Persian Empire And Emperor Caesar Essay799 Words   |  4 PagesPaper #2 The Ancient Roman Poet, Virgil, once wrote, â€Å"They can conquer who believe they can.† King Cyrus the Great of the Persian Empire and Emperor Caesar Augustus of the Roman Republic/Empire are leaders whose conviction in their rights to power establish the unwavering support of the people they lead. King Cyrus the Great rises to the throne of an expansive Persian Empire. As King, he brings virtually the entire Near East under his control. In 539, claiming to be under the divine right the BabylonianRead More Comparing Roman and Greek Art Essay example1185 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Roman and Greek Art Throughout history art has consistently reflected the cultural values and social structures of individual civilizations. Ancient art serves as a useful tool to help historians decipher some important aspects of ancient culture. From art we can determine the basic moral and philosophical beliefs of many ancient societies. The differences in arts purpose in Greece and Rome, for example, show us the fundamental differences in each cultures political and moralRead MorePortrait of Augustus as General1323 Words   |  6 PagesPortrait of Augustus as General Roman portraiture was one of the most significant periods in the development of portrait art. The characteristics of Roman portraitures are more modest, realistic, idealized, and natural. 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Their communities became organized geographicallyRead MoreJulius Caesar Divi : The Second Triumvirate1428 Words   |  6 PagesImperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus, along with being a mastered politician, he also surpassed at getting Roman people to do what he wanted them to do voluntarily, and he managed to keep the aspect of the Republic up and running for the length of his session as an emperor. After the assassination of his adoptive father, Julius Caesar, Octavian introduced himself in the political leadership in 44 BC. During this time, the army was loyal to their general therefore Octavian paid all of Caesar’s armedRead MoreHow Can Historians Make Use Of The Stories That The Romans1723 Words   |  7 PagesHow can historians make use of the stories that the Romans told about their founders and foundations? Abstract. There are two distinct stories regarding the foundation of ancient Rome, with claims to two founders. The story of Romulus and Remus describes the literal foundation of the city where as the Aeneid addresses the origins in the foundations of the Roman people being descended from Aeneas. In regards to their use to historians, though there is debate as to the legitimacy of historical facts

Friendship and Trust Showed in Books free essay sample

To Kill A Mockingbird had multiple relationships and interactions including the following; Jem and Scout, Scout and Dill, Scout and Boo Radley, and that sense of trust and well being between Atticus and Tom Robinson. Romeo and Juliet is sort of a given as an example of this theme but it adds even more to the equation, it adds love. Lastly, 12 Angry Men showed a lot of trust. In the way that the young boy must trust the Jurors to judge fairly, and how all of the other jurors must trust Juror 8s theories of innocence for the defendant. Although these four stories share different types of friendship and trust it is still just as important of a theme in all of them. The Odyssey has been dated back as far as the ninth century B. C. , yet still friendship and trust seemed to have been just as important. Arguably the most famous quote from the book is, â€Å"There is nothing nobler or more admirable than when two people who see eye to eye keep house as husband and wife, confounding their enemies and delighting their friends† (Unknown). We will write a custom essay sample on Friendship and Trust Showed in Books or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This quote is read at weddings all the time because of what it represents. It not only represents a Good 2 perfect example of a Christian marriage, but it represents true trust and friendship as well. This second quote was said by the great Odysseus just after he heard word of his comrades being transformed into animals by a goddess At that report I slung my hefty bronze blade Of my silver-studded sword around my shoulder, Slung my bow on too and told our comrade, ‘Lead me back by the same way that you came. ’ (10, 286-290) This shows not only the valued trait of bravery, but it shows loyalty and friendship that e would knowingly risk his life to save his crewmembers. Although this book was originally written thousands of years ago, it shows trust and friendship to be just as important as it is now perceived in today’s world. 12 Angry Men only got past 5 pages because of the fact that Juror 8 trusted the defendant enough to at least give him a fair chance. The first vote count for guilty/not guilty was 11 to 1 in favor of guilty, based s olely on observations and the race of the accused party. The other Jurors didn’t trust him because of their personal prejudice. The following quote by Juror 8 shows that even our court system is based off of trust Its always difficult to keep personal prejudice out of a thing like this. And wherever you run into it, prejudice always obscures the truth. I dont really know what the truth is. I dont suppose anybody will ever really know. Nine of us now seem to feel that the defendant is innocent, but were just gambling on probabilities we may be wrong. We may be trying to let a guilty man go free, I dont know. Nobody really can. But we have a reasonable doubt, and thats something thats very valuable in our system. No jury can declare a man guilty unless its sure. (Steinbeck 82) Juror 8 had enough trust in a man that he didn’t even know that he put himself against the rest of the jury because of some reasonable doubt. Juror 4 gave us this next quote to explain himself after he switched his vote to ‘not guilty’ This gentleman has been standing alone against us. Now he doesnt say that the boy is not guilty, he just isnt sure. Well its not easy to stand alone against the ridicule of others, so he gambled for support and I gave it to him. I respect his motives. (Steinbeck 16) Good 3 Juror 4 not only trusted Juror 8’s motives in trying to find out the truth in the case. But he started a friendship which is shown again later when they exchange names after the case is concluded. Even a book such as 12 Angry Men, in which none of the characters have ever met before, shows that trust and friendship plays an important role in our every day lives. The novel To Kill A Mockingbird shows different types of friendship and trust than the past two books, yet it’s just as important in every way. When people think of friendship and trust they think of their ‘best friend’. Most don’t think of the general use of the term. Sometimes it takes a young girl such as Scout to make us realize these things, â€Å"Neighbors bring food with death and flowers with sickness and little things in between† (Lee 293). She goes on to say that Boo Radley, their neighbor, had done several nice things to them and they have failed to repay him. They had never talked in their lives yet Scout had the general sense of friendship that she felt the need to be fair and nice to everyone. The second use of the theme trust is probably the most important anyone will ever have to deal with. Atticus Finch is a lawyer defending a black man in an extremely racist county, yet he has enough pride to stand up and actually defend the man despite what the rest of the town thinks. His philosophy is as follows Theyre certainly entitled to think that, and theyre entitled to full respect for their opinions, said Atticus, but before I can live with other folks Ive got to live with myself. The one thing that doesnt abide by majority rule is a persons conscience. (Lee 114) Sure if others break your trust it is a hard thing to go through. But one’s conscience can haunt a person for what seems like an eternity. People should always trust themselves, and be confident in a decision before they make it. To Kill A Mockingbird presented types of friendship that are seldom brought to our attention, and they are just as important if not more than the types of trust shown in the two previous books. Good 4 The final novel in which friendship and trust were shown to the utmost was Romeo and Juliet. This is the tragic love tale that starts as a great friendship between two lovers with abounding trust in each other. Juliet makes it clear that trust for her is no game when. When Romeo says he swears by the moon she replies by saying Jul. O, swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon, That monthly changes in her circled orb, Lest that thy love prove likewise varies (Shakespeare Act II scene 2) If one swears by something as big and important as the moon then very few would comprehend that the moon changes so frequently. Trust is an important thing, but it must also be understood that trust being broken is not always one’s fault. There are occasions where life takes unexpected turns that change everything. Friar Lawrence played a rather large role in the love of Romeo and Juliet. The thing that some call ‘fate’ left Romeo dead because information had not reached him. Friar was left to say, â€Å"A greater power than we can contradict Hath thwarted our intents† (Shakespeare Scene V Act 3). So there are times when promises and friendships can be broken because of events that are neither persons fault, so sometimes one must resort to mercy and understanding for broken trust. Romeo and Juliet shows this as well as it could possibly be shown. It’s clear that the four novels show extremely different forms of friendship and trust. Yet they all thoroughly presented aspects that are equally important in fully understanding the concepts. Whether it’s risking your life for your friend, saving a life as a Juror that trusted that the man could be innocent, trusting one’s self, or accepting the fact that sometimes things are out of your control. Trust and friendship shouldn’t be just a figment of books we read, it should be an ongoing theme in our every day lives.

Reconstruction and Industrialization Essay Example For Students

Reconstruction and Industrialization Essay After the Civil War, the nation witnessed two major social-economic movements: Reconstruction and Industrialization Essay, which changed the country completely and made it one of the greatest industrialized countries in the world. However, it changed not only the country, but also, the society, its way of life and traditions. The effort to rebuild the southern states and restore the Union was known as Reconstruction, a period that lasted from 1865 to 1877. Several different plans for Reconstruction emerged during and after the war. Much debate about differing plans centered on who would control Reconstruction the President or Congress. Lincoln had wanted to adopt a mild and forgiving policy toward the defeated rebels. The Radical in Congress, however, thought the South ought to be punished. They also felt that Congress and not The President should make Reconstruction policy. After Lincolns death, his Vice President Andrew Johnson, wished to continue Lincolns proposals. He enraged the Radicals, who controlled Congress, by vetoing some of their measures. Johnsons failure to consider congressional views on Reconstruction and his efforts to block radical plans, finally led Republicans in Congress to attempt to impeach him. At his trial in the Senate, Johnson was acquitted by a razor-thin margin and even thought he was acquitted, his political power was gone. Now the Republican-controlled Congress dictated the terms of Reconstruction. The chief features of this so-called Radical Reconstruction included: the division of the South into five military districts controlled by the U.S. Army, while new state constitutions and governments were being set up; the requirement of the new state governments to grant African American males the right to vote; and the requirement of southern states to ratify the Fourteen amendment. In addition to addressing several civil rights issues, the amendment prohibited many former Confederate officers and government officials from voting. This period of Radical Reconstruction did not bring much change in the South. Although blacks began to participate in political life, they met tremendous hostility. Some Southern whites adopted a policy of terror to keep the freedmen from becoming too independent. Because blacks had no jobs or land they became sharecroppers in a kind of economic slavery. Grant won election in 1868, and Congress became free to follow its Radical Reconstruction policies. It successfully proposed the Fourteenth and the Fifteenth Amendments. However, a major depression occurred in 1873. In addition, public attention was diverted by the graft and corruption in President Grants cabinet. Corruption in the Grant administration weakened the political strength of the Republican Party. In addition, by the early 1870s, all but a handful former Confederates could vote again. Most of these white southern males now voted Democratic in reaction to Radical Republican Reconstruction. For most of the next century, the Democratic party would dominate voting in the South, giving rise to the term solid South. The emergence of the solid South gave the Democrats greater power in politics at the national level. In 1876, Democrats nominated Tilden, the governor of New York, to run for President against Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio. It was a disputed election. Politicians and businessmen worked out a deal, and Republican Hayes was declared the winner. In the compromise of 1877, Democrats agreed to go along with the commissions decision in returns for promises by Hayes to withdraw federal troops from the South, thus ending Reconstruction; name a southerner to his cabinet; and support federal spending on internal improvements in the South. Thus, Southerners assumed full control. During the next twenty years, they took steps to stop blacks from voting. They also introduced a policy of complete segregation of the races. The most important legacy of Reconstruction has proved to be three amendments to the Constitution. The Thirteenth abolished slavery, the Fourteenth guaranteed the rights of citizens, and the Fifteenth gave black people the constitutional right to vote. And even thought these amendments did not bring freedom to African-American people at first, anyway it was an important step in American history. .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb , .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb .postImageUrl , .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb , .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb:hover , .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb:visited , .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb:active { border:0!important; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb:active , .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucee581499f857d3f85b759d977dcb7fb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Exercise Problems Essay From Reconstruction to World War I, the United States developed a prosperous industrial economy that revolutionized American society. After the Civil War, the growing northern factories looker to overseas markets for their goods. Meanwhile, completion of the transcontinental railroad opened new markets .